Ubuntu

Kernel: The Linux kernel is a Unix-like operating system kernel. It is the namesake of the Linux family of operating systems. Released under the GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2) and developed by contributors worldwide, Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free software.

Every time Ubuntu installs a new Linux kernel, the old one is left behind. This means that if you are regularly updating an Ubuntu system the Grub boot menu becomes longer and longer with kernels you don't need anymore.

Ubuntu Command:

To shutdown / poweroff Ubuntu Linux
sudo halt
Or
sudo shutdown -h now

To reboot Ubuntu Linux
sudo reboot

To Start/Stop/Restart network:
sudo /etc/init.d/networking {stop|start|restart}
e.g.
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
 

Apache Web Server: Installing Apache: sudo apt-get install apache2 apache2-doc apache2-utils Start, Stop & Restart Apache: sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart Testing Apache in web browser: http//:localhost Apache mod rewrite in Ubuntu: To enable an Apache 2 module, you can run: sudo a2enmod rewrite Next, sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/default Look for the Directory section referring to the folder where your site lives (this is typically <Directory /var/www>), and change the line: AllowOverri